Ultra‐frequent HRAS p.Q61R somatic mutation in canine acanthomatous ameloblastoma reveals pathogenic similarities with human ameloblastoma

Ameloblastoma is a locally aggressive odontogenic tumour that occurs in humans and dogs. Most ameloblastomas (AM) in humans harbour mutually‐exclusive driving mutations in BRAF, HRAS, KRAS, NRAS or FGFR2 that activate MAPK signalling, and in SMO that activates Hedgehog signalling. The remarkable clinical and histological similarities between canine acanthomatous ameloblastoma (CAA) and AM suggest they may harbour similar driving mutations. In this study, aimed at characterizing the mutational status of SMO, BRAF, HRAS, KRAS, NRAS and FGFR2 in CAA, we used RNA sequencing, Sanger sequencing and restriction fragment length polymorphism assays to demonstrate that 94% of CAA (n = 16) harbour a somatic HRAS p.Q61R mutation. The similarities in MAPK‐activating mutational profiles between CAA and AM implicate conserved molecular mechanisms of tumorigenesis, thus, qualifying the dog as a potentially useful model of disease. Given the relevance of RAS mutations in the pathogenesis of odontogenic tumours and other types of cancer, the results of this study are of comparative, translational, and veterinary value.     

动物性食品中抗菌药物残留检测方法研究进展

抗菌类药物在预防、治疗动物疾病中发挥了重要的作用,但不规范用药、超剂量用药甚至滥用,使动物性食品中抗菌类药物残留问题日益突出,引起人们的广泛关注。对动物性食品中抗菌类药物残留的检测是判定其安全性的重要内容,根据检测的目的和需要,可将检测方法分为现场检测和实验室检测。胶体金免疫层析法是目前使用最广的现场检测方法;实验室检测方法众多,又可分为抗菌类药物残留的定性检测法和定量检测法,前者主要包括2,3,5-三苯基氯化四氮唑法（TTC法）、纸片法（PD法）、活性检测法等,后者主要包括高效液相色谱法、液相色谱-质谱联用法、超高效液相色谱-质谱联用法、毛细管电泳法、生物传感器法和免疫分析法等,可满足不同检测目的和实验条件的需要。作者对肉、蛋、奶中抗菌类药物残留的现场检测和实验室检测技术进行了总结,为更进一步研究快速、敏感、高通量、成本低廉的食品中抗菌类药物残留检测方法奠定理论基础。     

内蒙古畜牧业产业发展及竞争力分析

基于优良的草地资源禀赋,内蒙古畜牧业的发展处于全国领先地位。畜牧业作为其主导产业,正不断向前发展。为进一步推进国家供给侧结构性调整,提高内蒙古畜牧业产业竞争力,笔者分析了内蒙古畜牧业发展现状,对内蒙古畜牧业产业竞争力进行了实证分析,最后结合实际提出走农牧结合的道路、提高综合竞争力,走产业集群路线、提高畜牧产业整体竞争力等对策建议。     

The rate of Salmonella spp. infection in zoo animals at Seoul Grand Park, Korea

Salmonellosis is an important zoonotic disease that affects both people and animals. The incidence of reptile-associated salmonellosis has increased in Western countries due to the increasing popularity of reptiles as pets. In Korea, where reptiles are not popular as pets, many zoos offer programs in which people have contact with animals, including reptiles. So, we determined the rate of Salmonella spp. infection in animals by taking anal swabs from 294 animals at Seoul Grand Park. Salmonella spp. were isolated from 14 of 46 reptiles (30.4%), 1 of 15 birds (6.7%) and 2 of 233 mammals (0.9%). These findings indicate that vigilance is required for determining the presence of zoonotic pathogen infections in zoo animals and contamination of animal facilities to prevent human infection with zoonotic diseases from zoo facilities and animal exhibitions. In addition, prevention of human infection requires proper education about personal hygiene.     

The risk of death: the confidential enquiry into perioperative small animal fatalities

Objective To estimate the risks of anaesthetic and sedation‐related mortality in companion animals in the UK. (The Confidential Enquiry into Perioperative Small Animal Fatalities, CEPSAF). Study design A prospective cohort study with nested case–control study. Animal population All small animals anaesthetized and sedated at participating centres between June 2002 and June 2004. Methods Patient outcomes at 48 hours (alive, dead and killed) were recorded. Anaesthetic and sedation‐related death was defined as death where surgical or pre‐existing medical causes did not solely cause death. Species‐specific risks of anaesthetic‐related death and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated. Risks were also estimated in the sub‐sets of dogs, cats and rabbits that were either healthy or sick (ASA 1–2 and 3–5, respectively). Results One hundred and seventeen veterinary practices participated in the study and 98 036 dogs, 79 178 cats and 8209 rabbits were anaesthetized and sedated. Overall risks of anaesthetic and sedation‐related death in dogs were 0.17% (1 in 601, 95% CI 0.14–0.19%), in cats 0.24% (1 in 419, 95% CI 0.20–0.27%) and in rabbits 1.39% (1 in 72, 95% CI 1.14–1.64%) within 48 hours of the procedure. In healthy dogs, cats and rabbits, the risks were estimated to be 0.05% (1 in 1849, 95% CI 0.04–0.07%), 0.11%, (1 in 895, 95% CI 0.09–0.14%) and 0.73% (1 in 137, 95% CI 0.54–0.93%), respectively. In sick dogs, cats and rabbits, the risks were 1.33%, (1 in 75, 95% CI 1.07–1.60%), 1.40% (1 in 71, 95% CI 1.12–1.68%) and 7.37% (1 in 14, 95% CI 5.20–9.54%), respectively. Postoperative deaths accounted for 47% of deaths in dogs, 61% in cats and 64% in rabbits. Most other small animal species had higher mortality risks. Conclusions and clinical relevance Small animal anaesthesia appears to be increasingly safe. Greater patient care in the postoperative period could reduce fatalities.     

Considering the relationship between domestic violence and pet abuse and its significance in the veterinary clinical and educational contexts

This thematic review examines the literature regarding the relationship between domestic violence (DV) and pet abuse (PA) particularly in the veterinary clinical and educational contexts. It examines the significance of this relationship for the veterinary profession including the veterinarian’s role and associated legal and ethical obligations, and relevant current veterinary education standards, to identify future clinical and educational directions. Articles were sourced from online databases by searching the keywords without date restrictions. Overall, 70 articles were retrieved and reviewed.

Pet abuse has been identified as a potential risk factor for DV, and DV perpetrators may harm or kill a pet to exert physical, psychological or emotional control over an intimate partner. Given that victims of DV often seek veterinary aid for their pets, veterinarians may act as frontline professionals in the recognition of the link between PA and DV. Veterinarians must assess individual cases for diagnostic indicators of non-accidental injury and consider demographic factors to identify suspected PA and DV. Despite existing legal and ethical obligations of the veterinarian relating to suspected PA and victims of DV, veterinarians have uncertainty and unpreparedness in addressing PA and DV in a clinical context. Many factors may contribute to the lack of veterinary intervention in suspected cases of PA and DV including concern for animal welfare, confusion about the reporting process and uncertainty in differentiating accidental versus non-accidental injuries in pets. Specific published guidelines regarding the recognition and reporting of PA and DV in the veterinary clinical context are required. Limited published evidence exists examining the implementation and success of veterinary training regarding the relationship between DV and PA. Ultimately, veterinary student education is needed to prepare veterinarians for their response to PA and DV in practice. Further research is required to examine the effects of the delivery of content regarding the link between PA and DV in the veterinary curriculum on veterinary student knowledge and attitudes.     

一株乳酸片球菌的筛选、鉴定及其固态发酵饲料原料的产酸分析

本研究从猪的新鲜粪便中分离纯化出一株具有较强产酸效果的乳酸菌HF14,综合形态、生理生化、16SrDNA序列分析,初步鉴定该菌株为乳酸菌片球菌(Pediococcus acidilactici)。对HF14固态发酵豆粕、麸皮、玉米粉与稻壳粉等饲料原料的产酸类别进行分析发现,产生的有机酸以L-乳酸与乙酸为主,其中,发酵玉米粉的pH最低,为3.77,L-乳酸与丙酸含量最高,分别为21.91、1.03mg/g;发酵麸皮的pH降幅最大,丁酸含量最高,为0.72mg/g;发酵稻壳粉的乙酸含量最高,为6.15mg/g,L-乳酸含量最低;发酵豆粕的各个指标居中。     

饲料产业的环保问题及解决对策

在过去较长的时间段里,一些畜牧养殖业为了追求规模和经济效益,选择以牺牲环境为代价的生产管理模式。该模式虽然在短期内可以达到明显成效,但其带来的环境污染、食品安全、价格持续走低等问题日益显现,对畜牧养殖业健康、可持续发展形成威胁和挑战。饲料与食品均为可食之物,两者无明显界定,如小麦、玉米等即可作为动物饲料,又可以作为食品,而且诸多食品又来源于动物组织以及蛋和奶。所以,饲料产业与环境、食品安全息息相关。为便于论述,笔者从畜牧养殖业的角度来对饲料产业的环保问题及解决对策做出分析,为有关企业、部门提供参考。     

内蒙古自治区畜禽养殖粪污资源化利用的对策与建议

畜牧产业是内蒙古自治区的支柱产业之一,随着畜牧业快速发展,畜禽粪污产量持续增加,导致粪污污染日益严重,因此,畜禽养殖粪污资源化利用显得尤为迫切和重要。调研了内蒙古自治区11个旗（县、区）、95户大中型规模化养殖企业,并通过文献查阅及专家咨询等方式调研了3 700户规模化养殖企业,从内蒙古自治区畜禽粪污的基本特征、畜禽粪污资源化利用主要特征和对策与建议方面分析了自治区畜禽养殖粪污及资源化利用的情况。